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Deception Island (South Shetland Islands) is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than 20 explosive eruptive events registered over the past centuries. Recent eruptions (1967, 1969, and 1970) and volcanic unrest episodes (1992, 1999, and 2014–2015) demonstrate that volcanic activity is likely occurring in the future.
This is of special concern for scientists, logistic personnel, and tourists, since the South Shetland Islands are an important tourist destination and host numerous year-round and seasonal scientific stations and base camps.
Significant efforts have beenmade to understand the complexmagmatic and volcanic evolution of Deception Islandwith special interest on its subaerial part. However, studies on submerged volcanic coneswithin Port Foster, the sea-flooded part of Deception Island’s caldera depression, are comparatively scarce. Here, we provide a full characterization of Stanley Patch volcano, the largest of these volcanic edifices. Estimatedmorphometric parameters based on new multibeam bathymetric data, supported by petrographic and chemical observations from rock samples collected on the crater rim, reveal that Stanley Patch volcano grew in a subaerial environment.
This result, combined with previous findings and new sedimentological evidence from our ultra-high resolution seismic profiles, allowto further detail the island’s geologic evolution since the caldera collapse.We conclude that the complete flooding of Port Foster could have only occurred after the formation of Stanley Patch volcano, i.e. during the last ~2000 years, and in a time period of a few days or less.
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